Pengujian Mutu Briket Kokas Ombilin Sebagai Bahan Bakar Peleburan Besi Menggunakan Tungku Tukik pada Industri Pengecoran

Pengujian Mutu Briket Kokas Ombilin Sebagai Bahan Bakar Peleburan Besi Menggunakan Tungku Tukik pada Industri Pengecoran

Bambang Suwondo Rahardjo

Pusat Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Energi, Deputi Bidang Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Alam - BPP Teknologi

Abstract

Up to now, coke consumption is used as an industrial fuell sector especially for foundries mostly still being depending on imported coke. As  the result as the economical crisis was in Indonesia, some Foundry industries had to stop target production. Briquetted coke made of Ombilin coal through double process is an alternative fuel foundries to solve the problem mentioned above. The briquetted coke is assesed by joint research between BPPT and MTRDC since 1995 and it has tested in 1997 at a cast iron private company (PT. Sinar Industri) Klaten Central Java by using aa simplified cupola kiln(it’s called Tungku Tukik). Ombilin briquetted coke can be use as fuel and reductor for cast iron industries resulted good quality of cast iron product, high temperature of molten iron ( 1318°C) and carbon content = 3.27%. Physical characteristics of briquetted coke is strong enough with drop shatter index (97.39% ± 2%) and tensile strength (54.32 kg/cm²). Exhaust gas (gas SO2 and gas NO2) contents of briquetted coke combustion result nearly = 0, so that it is not caused air pollution in the surrounding area.

Hidrodenitrogenasi Minyak Batubara Cair Menggunakan Katalis Ni-W/AL2O3

Hidrodenitrogenasi Minyak Batubara Cair Menggunakan Katalis Ni-W/AL2O3

Muhammad Hanif
Pusat Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi Konversi dan Konservasi Energi, BPPT
Jl. M.H. Thamrin 8, BPPT Gedung II Lantai 22, Jakarta 10340
Tel. (021) 316 9889, E-mail: madhanif@kompascyber.com

Abstract

Hydrodenitrogenation of coal-derived liquid, obtained from the liquefaction of Tanito Harum coal, was achieved in a fixed bed continuous flow reactor over a sulfided nickel-tungsten catalyst supported alumina. The catalytic durability and catalyst life-time were investigated by deciding the target nitrogen content of the product oil at 10 ppm. Experiment runs were carried out at reaction temperatures in the range 330-350 o C, liquid hourly space velocity of 1 hr -1 , hydrogen pressure of 12 MPa and hydrogen/oil ratio of 1000 NL/L, during the total reaction time on stream of 40 days. As a result, dependency of nitrogen content was 0.8 (ppm/ o C) at temperature 335 to 340 o C. The deactivation rate was around 1.0 ppm/10 days at temperature 345 o C for 3 weeks operation. If the deactivation rate is equal at all temperature to 390 o C, the reaction temperature should be raised at 1.0 o C/8 days to maintain the nitrogen content at 10 ppm for the initial stage of the operation and temperature should be 386 o C in one year. It can be concluded that Ni-W/Alumina catalyst gave a high catalytic activity and long life in hydrodenitrogenation of coal-derived liquid.

Perhitungan Kewajaran Kebutuhan Bahan Bakar Minyak di Industri

 Perhitungan Kewajaran Kebutuhan Bahan Bakar Minyak di Industri

Achmad Hasan
Pusat Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi Konversi dan Konservasi Energi, Deputi Teknologi Informasi, Energi, Material dan Lingkungan – BPP Teknologi

Abstract

The manner in which price are passed through the various level of gasoline, diesel fuel and petroleum markets is not uniform. While Successive sellers of a product presumably act to cover their costs and make a profit, sellers vary greatly in their pricing behavior, such as reaction to competitors price changes and attempts to protect or increase market share. One of the most revealing aspects of this analysis is what the results do not show : there is so little difference between actual retail petroleum and diesel fuel prices and the forecast created form spot prices and observed lag patterns that there is no evidence of significant influence and aggregate retail prices beyond the spot price level. It is also useful to note some apparent differences between price pass through for gasoline and that for diesel fuel. It appears from comparing the results of the present study with previous work on diesel fuel that the result for diesel fuel are some what more consistent, producing a more accurate model.

Analisis Pengaruh Sistem Bangunan dan Tata Ruang Terhadap Pemanfaatan Cahaya Alami

Analisis Pengaruh Sistem Bangunan dan Tata Ruang Terhadap Pemanfaatan Cahaya Alami

N. Fachrizal dan M. Pramudji
UPT-LSDE BPPT PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang

Abstract

The use of small size optical windows and/or low transmission glass, the existence of another building, trees, or shaded construction outside windows, and also window direction facing to the sun daily motion, are the factors that limit the amount of daylight through the windows into the room. Poor maintenance and miss arrangement of the room make less daylight coming to work plane. This conditions make the room totally lighted by electric lamps. Another case, the room’s users have unconsciousness to use daylight even the room supports for that need. Daylight measurements in a commercial building show there is no room has daylight factor (DF) exceeds the standard value. DF values, measured at some certain points on work plane in the room, are resulted by dividing measured illuminance at those points with the illuminance outside the building.

Combination of electric lamp and daylight need some control equipments added to building system. Suitable electrical cables and switches must be applied to support this purpose.  Some non-conventional daylight systems can be developed to increase the use of daylight in commercial building. Some examples of these systems are presented in this paper.